![]() Shabbat is a widely noted hallmark of Jewish peoples. Judah ha-Levi (12th century) proposed a nascent Jewish date line for dating of Shabbat, later calculated to fall between China and Japan (other lines exist, and travelers are expected to note both personal and local Shabbat) and Pinchas Elijah Horovitz (18th century) stated that polar regions should observe Shabbat based on calculating 24-hour days, although without establishing a date line. The Essenes did it this way to be in harmony with the book of Genesis where God created the moon and sun on the 4th day and rested 3 days later. The second Essene month reveals a Sabbath on the second day exactly 7 days from the 25th of Abib Sabbath witnessing a solar calendar continuation for the rest of the year. The Dead Sea Scrolls Uncovered, a translation by Robert Eisenman and Michael Wise, reveals the Essene calendar as celebrating the Sabbath commencing on the 4th day of Abib (Nisan) page 192 3 days after the new moon of the Passover month then celebrated on the 11th, 18th and 25th. Customarily, Shabbat is ushered in by lighting candles shortly before sunset, at halakhically calculated times that change weekly and geographically. ![]() ![]() Thirty-nine activities prohibited on Shabbat are listed in Tractate Shabbat (Talmud). Jewish Shabbat ( Shabbath, Shabbes, Shobos, etc.) is a weekly day of rest, observed from sundown on Friday until the appearance of three stars in the sky on Saturday night. Sabbath corporate worship was not prescribed for the community at large, and the Sabbath activities at the shrines were originally a convocation of priests for the purpose of offering divine sacrifices, with family worship and rest being centered in homes. Consultations with prophets (II Kings iv. Observance in the Hebrew Bible was universally from sixth-day sundown to seventh-day sundown ( Nehemiah 13:19, cf. Originally, Sabbath-breakers were officially to be cut off from the assembly or potentially killed ( Exodus 31:15). However, most Sabbath-keeping Christians regard the Sabbath as having been instituted by God at the end of Creation week and that the entire world was then, and continues to be, obliged to observe the seventh day as Sabbath. Most Jews who observe the Sabbath regard it as having been instituted as a perpetual covenant for the Israelites ( Exodus 31:13–17), as a sign respecting two events: the day during which God rested after having completed Creation in six days ( Exodus 20:8–11) and the Israelites' deliverance from Egypt ( Deuteronomy 5:12–15). Observation and remembrance of Sabbath ( Hebrew: שַׁבָּת shabbat) is one of the Ten Commandments (the fourth in the original Jewish, the Eastern Orthodox, and most Protestant traditions, the third in Roman Catholic and Lutheran traditions). Sabbath (as the verb שָׁבַת֙ shabbat) is first mentioned in the Genesis creation narrative, where the seventh day is set aside as a day of rest (in Hebrew, shabbat) and made holy by God ( Genesis 2:2–3). ![]() Thus the sunset is a common symbology of the Sabbath. For the Abrahamic religions: Judaism, Seventh Adventist Christians, and Samaritanism Sabbath begins Friday at sundown and ends at Saturday sundown.
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